Nurses in Kurdistan Face Daily Workplace Violence

In public hospitals in Iraqi Kurdistan, nurses regularly experience acts of violence in the course of their work. A recent survey reveals that more than two-thirds of them have already been victims of insults or humiliating remarks. Nearly one in two has also experienced moral harassment, while one in three has suffered physical assaults, unwanted sexual remarks or behaviors, or gender-based discrimination.

Emergency departments and general care units are the most affected. Nurses working in these areas, especially those with less experience or living in rural areas, are more exposed to physical aggression. The perpetrators of this violence are mainly relatives of patients, followed by coworkers. Single nurses and those working night shifts or rotating shifts are also more vulnerable to harassment and verbal abuse.

This violence has serious consequences for their mental health and their ability to provide quality care. Many develop anxiety disorders, psychological distress, or even suicidal thoughts. The fear of further aggression also affects their concentration and decision-making, which can directly harm patient safety.

Overcrowded hospitals, staff shortages, and the lack of effective protective measures further worsen the situation. In this region marked by decades of conflict, violence is sometimes seen as inevitable, which discourages victims from reporting incidents. Yet, these aggressions are not a normal part of the nursing profession.

The findings of this study highlight the urgent need for action. Zero-tolerance policies, enhanced training to manage conflict situations, and confidential, accessible reporting systems are essential. It is also crucial to limit the number of visitors in sensitive departments and to improve the security of healthcare facilities. Without these measures, the mass exodus of nurses and the deterioration of care are likely to worsen, further weakening an already strained healthcare system.

Information Sources

Original Reference

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-01577-y

Title: Workplace violence toward female nurses by patients and healthcare workers in Kurdistan Region: a cross-sectional study

Journal: Discover Public Health

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Authors: Deldar Morad Abdulah; Kazheen Salih Abdullah; Zuhair Rushdi Mustafa